Directions"(Q. 1"15) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions
given below it.
Crude oil has had a long history, and interesting one. It is probably one single natural
resource that has been instrumental in producing maximum conflicts and wars during
the last century. With such a track record, it is surprising that in the given environment,
where in oil prices are breaking all records, and has become the biggest cause of
concern across the globe, why is it that there is silence from some parts of the world`?
It is intriguing especially when some have been paying a much higher price on fuel,
as compared to their poorer counterparts. It is surprising, more so, when one realizes
that the number of oil producing nations is only a handful as compared to the number
of oil consuming nations. While a proactive action from the mighty and powerful can
bring in a huge respite for the world, why is it thatthey choose to be silent ?
Also, keeping in mind the fact that a few nations"both powerful and weak have some
of the largest unused oil reserves,their silence and lack of any serious action look all
the more aberrant. Looking at the manner things are shaping up, it just cannot be ruled
out that possibly these nations have a definite interest in the increasing prices of oil.
The question then is what could their underlying interest be ? In all probability, what
we are seeing right now is just a precursor to the larger picture, well laid out by them
may be for the good. With rising prices, the OPEC might be delighted right now, but
perhaps they are unable to see what is going to hit them. For this unprecedented rise
in oil is creating a most demanding environment for alternative fuels.
As and when the reserves deplete and demand really grows, more than anyone else,
it is OPEC that would be badly hit, much to the glee of some nations having unused
reserves which have the most to gain by using blackmailing tactics. Eventually, the
countries at the receiving end would be forced to create an enabling environment
for alternative energy. This trend is already visible, with India showing the way with
its nuclear deal and other countries dangling the carrot of complete conversion to
natural gas towards other countries in order to boost their own business.
By doing so they are creating a tactical pressure on countries. As they know that the further
the oil prices get pushed, the more the globe would become attracted and ready for alternative
and nonconventional fuel. Moreover, for many of the countries, it might become more expensive
to invest in newer technologies to conform to the emission norms than to shift to alternative
sources, making the market even more attractive. And it is then that the organizations which
have already invested billions of dollars in alternate fuels would mop up the global energy
market completely. The second possible reason why some nations of the world are not too
enthusiastic to mitigate the price of oil is because the rising oil price is perhaps one of the
major deterrents to growth of other countries.
Perhaps they were hand in glove in the mechanism to raise the oil price and knowing well
that this would make these nations feel the pinch. And now, the rising oil prices have put
these nations in a fix. As the pressure of inflationary tendencies increases these countries
cannot afford either to sit back and remain entrapped in the larger conspiracy. No wonder
then that these are frantically looking around the globe " especially Africa " for newer
reserves ! As it is said, oil has a long history and the legacy continues.
1. What, according to the passage, is the step that the nations are likely to take with an
intolerable rise in oil prices ?
(A) Shift to alternate forms of energy
(B) Come to a state of war with other nations
(C) Put tactical pressure on countries having oil reserves
(D) Formulate more stringent emission norms and apply these across the globe
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
2. Why is the author surprised with the stance which various nations have taken pertaining
to the current global oil crisis ?
(A) The stance is leading to war among the nations for control over oil fields
(B) Powerful nations have been selling oil at a very inflated rate to under developed nations
(C) Many nations have shifted to alternative forms of energy boycotting the use of oil due
to inflated prices
(D) Eventhough oil has been a matter of conflict among the nations earlier, many nations
have a kept a silence on the current crisis
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
3. Which nations does the author refer to in the phrase 'these nations have a definite interest
in the increasing prices of oil' ?
(A) The mighty and powerful nations
(B) Nations having unused oil reserves
(C) Nations which have exhausted their oil reserves
(D) The nations which have shifted to non-conventional fuels
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
4. Which of the following is not true in context of the passage ?
(A) Some nations have kept a silence upon the rising oil price in order to inhibit the growth
of other nations
(B) It is more cost effective to shift to alternative forms of energy than to invest in
technology for conforming to the emission norms
(C) Some nations have unused oil reserves which would earn these nations heavy profits once
the oil reserves elsewhere deplete
(D) India has had a nuclear deal for its energy needs
(E) All are true
5. What does the author mean by 'dangling the carrot' in the passage ?
(A) Some countries are stringently opposing the conversion to alternative forms of fuel
(B) Some countries have been luring other countries to change over to alternate fuels in order
to boost their own business
(C) Some countries are making the effort to save environment by using natural gas instead of
oil as a fuel
(D) Both (A) and (B)
(E) None of these
6. Which of the following is intended in the given passage ?
(A) To highlight the plight of OPEC with rising fuel prices
(B) To urge to the government to shift from oil to natural gas since it is more environment
friendly
(C) To highlight the vested interest of some nations in maintaining the indifference to rising
oil prices
(D) To urge to save the environment by conforming to the emission norms and using alternate
energy sources
(E) None of these
7. Why, according to the author, OPEC though delighted currently, would be in difficult situation
later ?
(A) All the oil reserves on the earth will soon be exhausted
(B) Powerful nations will try and dominate OPEC later on
(C) As the oil reserves which are being used currently deplete in the time to come, nations having
unused oil reserves would arm-twist OPEC
(D) Nations will lose faith in OPEC owing to very high fuel prices
(E) None of these
8. What, according to the author, makes the market of alternative sources very attractive ?
(A) Many countries have already made a substantial profit in the industry of alternative fuel
(B) Such measures do not cause harm to the environment
(C) Only a few countries of the world will have the access to alternative forms of fuel
(D) The use of alternative sources has been forced upon certain countries by powerful countries
(E) None of these
9. Which of the following can be the most appropriate title for the given passage ?
(A) Reasons behind silence on increase in oil prices
(B) Nuclear power as an alternative source of energy
(C) The monopoly of oil reserves by powerful countries
(D) The repercussion of shifting to alternative forms of energy
(E) Oil reserves as deterrent of growth of the nations
Directions"(Q. 10"12) Choose the word/group of words which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the
word in the passage.
10. INSTRUMENTAL
(A) Non-vocal
(B) Reasonable
(C) Creditable
(D) Responsible
(E) Liable
11. ABERRANT
(A) Curious
(B) Abnormal
(C) Spoilt
(D) Inferior
(E) Nonfunctional
12. PUSHED
(A) Dominated
(B) Pressed
(C) Diverted
(D) Thrown
(E) Increased
Directions"(Q. 13"15) Choose the word / phrase which is MOST OPPOSITE in MEANING to the
word in the passage.
13. PROACTIVE
(A) Quick
(B) Over powered
(C) Dormant
(D) Delicate
(E) Brittle
14. GLEE
(A) Disappointment
(B) Dishonour
(C) Appreciation
(D) Disillusion
(E) Defeat
15. MITIGATE
(A) Fright
(B) Decline
(C) Degeneration
(D) Worsen
(E) Deprivation
Directions"(Q. 16"25) Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error
in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence, the letter of that part will
be the answer. If there is no error,mark (E) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if
any.)
16. The merchant counted (A) / the number of pearls (B) / to make sure that (C) / none of them
were missing. (D) No error (E)
17. When deep sea diving, (A) / one should always take care (B) / that oxygen cylinder is (C) /
tied to the back tightly. (D) No error (E)
18. As the salary (A) / did not match (B) / his expectations, he did not (C) / accept the job.
(D) No error (E)
19. The reason behind his success (A) / in the recent past (B) / is due to hard-work (C) / and
presence of mind. (D) No error (E)
20. No sooner did the students (A) / seen the principal approach (B) / than they ran (C) / from
the playground. (D) No error (E)
21. My elder sister and I am (A) / interested in painting (B) / and therefore have joined (C) /
the coaching classes. (D) No error (E)
22. Only after a lot of persuasion, (A) / did the illiterate villager allow (B) / himself's girl
child (C) / to study in the school. (D) No error (E)
23. The need for alternate (A) / sources of energy are (B) / essential to conserve (C) / the
environment.(D) No error (E)
24. I have being working (A) / in that organization for five years (B) / but now I work (C) /
for a different company. (D) No error (E)
25. There is no argument against (A) / the fact that (B) / humans are the most intelligent (C)
/ of all other species. (D) No error (E)
Directions"(Q. 26"30) Which of the phrases (A), (B) (C) and (D) given below each statement should
replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct ? If the
sentence is correct as it is given and 'No correction is required', mark (E) as the answer.
26. Many students waits anxiously at the college gate to know their results"
(A) student waited anxiously
(B) students waiting anxiously
(C) students waited anxiously
(D) students waited anxious
(E) No correction required
27. Through a fortuitous circumstance Rakhi met her childhood friend on the bus in which she
was travelling.
(A) she was travelled
(B) she did travel
(C) she has travelling
(D) she were travelling
(E) No correction required
28. The opposition party has alleged that the prices of essential commodities are soaring like
never before on the last three decades"
(A) before on the next
(B) before in the last
(C) before at the last
(D) previously in the next
(E) No correction required
29. The salaries and the perks of the employees in this institution are not in according with
the rest of the industry"
(A) are not in accordance
(B) is not in accordance
(C) are not according
(D) is not on accordance
(E) No correction required
30. The soldiers deployed in the town were instructed exercising restraint and handle the situation
peacefully.
(A) was instructed to exercising
(B) were instructed for exercise
(C) were instructed to exercise
(D) was instructing to exercising
(E) No correction required
Directions—(Q. 31"35) Rearrange the following six sentences (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) in the
proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them.
1. With all this experimentation he incurred an expenditure of over a million dollars before success smiled on
him.
2. Edison invented the long lasting electric light bulb.
3. To find a fibre to burn inside a bulb he experimented with over two thousand items.
4. We thus owe the miracle of light as much to his perseverance as to his genius.
5. However he did not invent it overnight.
6. His friends too travelled all over the world from South America to India in search of a suitable fibre.
31. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
32. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
33. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
34. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
35. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the
sentence as a whole.
36. One of the TV cameramen was in the leg by a bullet when he was in the middle of a gun fight
between two gangs.
(A) hurt, entered
(B) shot, caught
(C) injured, came
(D) stabbed, trapped
(E) beaten, engulfed
37. Although the fire was very small everyone and rushed out of the cinema hall complete chaos.
(A) shouted, leading
(B) died, producing
(C) injured, resulting
(D) scared, making
(E) panicked, causing
38. The of pesticides and fertilizers while growing the vegetables and fruits is one of the greatest
to the health these days.
(A) production, dangers
(B) consumption, problem
(C) overuse, threats
(D) application, rewards
(E) amount, injury
39. The group's mission is to peace between the nations and help different people each other better.
(A) maintain, understand
(B) remain, address
(C) keep, interact
(D) advise, find
(E) communicate, friendly
40. History the Kings and influential leaders whereas the real battle was by the soldiers who remain
little known and celebrated in the texts.
(A) remembers, played
(B) highlights, underwent
(C) biased, lead
(D) glorifies, fought
(E) writes, done
Directions—(Q. 41 to 50) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been
numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are
suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each
case. One day an expert in time management was …(41)… to a group of business management
students and to drive home a point he used and …(42)… they will never forget. As he stood
in front of a group of brilliant students he said, "Okay it's …(43)… for a quiz." He then pulled
out a one gallon jar and set it on the table in front of him. He also …(44)… a dozen fist sized
rocks and carefully placed them one at a time into the jar. When the jar was filled to the top
and …(45)… more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is the jar full ?" Everyone in the class
…(46)… said 'Yes!' The professor said nothing. He then …(47)…under the table and pulled
out a bucket of gravel. He dumped some gravel into the jar and shook it …(48)… pieces
of gravel to work themselves down into the spaces between the big rocks. He asked the
group once more, "Is the jar full ?" 'Probably not.' some answered. 'Good !' he said and began
…(49)…sand to the contents in the jar. The sand fitted into the spaces between the rocks and
gravel. He also poured water into the jar. "What was the point of this exercise ?" he asked.
"The point is that no matter how busy your schedule is you can always manage to fit something
in." replied one student. 'No' said the professor, "The truth is if you don't fit in the rocks which
symbolize the …(50)…things in your life like your family and your dreams first, you'll never
have time for them."
41. (A) addressing
(B) conveying
(C) speaking
(D) discussing
(E) expressing
42. (A) imagination
(B) impression
(C) expression
(D) emblem
(E) illustration
43. (A) ready
(B) usual
(C) opportunity
(D) time
(E) scheduled
44. (A) made
(B) produced
(C) dug
(D) constructed
(E) ploughed
45. (A) any
(B) no
(C) few
(D) some
(E) much
46. (A) definite
(B) forcibly
(C) convince
(D) positive
(E) emphatically
47. (A) reached
(B) hid
(C) gone
(D) searching
(E) found
48. (A) making
(B) until
(C) causing
(D) while
(E) resulting
49. (A) filling
(B) pushing
(C) substituting
(D) adding
(E) stuffing
50. (A) important
(B) necessarily
(C) vitally
(D) ideal
(E) expensive
Answers :
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (E) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (D)
11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (D) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (A) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (E) 26. (C) 27. (E) 28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (C)
31. (B) 32. (D) 33. (C) 34. (E) 35. (C) 36. (B) 37. (E) 38. (C) 39. (A) 40. (D)
41. (C) 42. (E) 43. (D) 44. (B) 45. (B) 46. (E) 47. (A) 48. (C) 49. (D) 50. (A)
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